Expand any topic for a full write-up and a diagram, then press See it on a running chart to watch it play out on an animated, synthetic chart. Education only — never a prediction or a call.
Single and multi-candle shapes that describe the balance between buyers and sellers. Expand one and press See it on a running chart to watch it form in context.
A Doji forms when the open and close finish at virtually the same price, leaving a tiny (or non-existent) body with wicks above and below. It is the market's way of showing indecision — neither buyers nor sellers won the session. Its meaning depends on context: a Doji after a long trend is studied as a possible pause or turning point, while one inside a choppy range usually means little.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A Hammer has a small body near the top of the range and a long lower wick (at least about twice the body), appearing after a decline. It shows that sellers drove price sharply lower intraday but buyers stepped in and pushed the close back up near the open. Students treat it as a sign that selling pressure may be getting absorbed — confirmation on the next candle is usually emphasised.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A Shooting Star is the mirror of the Hammer: a small body near the low with a long upper wick, appearing after an advance. It shows buyers pushed price up strongly but were rejected, with the close sliding back near the open — a picture of buying pressure failing at higher prices.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
An engulfing pattern is two candles where the second body completely covers (engulfs) the first. A bullish engulfing — a small down candle then a larger up candle after a decline — shows buyers overwhelming the prior session; a bearish engulfing is the reverse after a rally. The larger the engulfing candle relative to recent bars, the more decisive the shift it describes.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A Harami is a large candle followed by a much smaller candle whose body sits entirely inside the first. It signals that the strong momentum of the prior candle has suddenly contracted — a potential pause or loss of conviction. The name means 'pregnant' in Japanese, the small candle being the 'baby' inside the large 'mother' candle.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A Morning Star is a three-candle bottoming sequence: a large down candle, then a small indecision candle (often gapping lower), then a strong up candle that closes well into the first candle's body. It illustrates a gradual handover from sellers to buyers across three sessions rather than a single sharp reversal.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
An Evening Star is the bearish counterpart that forms at tops: a large up candle, a small indecision candle, then a strong down candle closing deep into the first body. It depicts buying momentum stalling and sellers taking control over three sessions.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A Marubozu is a candle with little or no wick on either end, meaning price opened at one extreme and closed at the other — one side controlled the entire session. A green Marubozu (open at the low, close at the high) shows complete buying control; the red version shows selling control. It is read as a sign of strong conviction.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Three White Soldiers are three consecutive long up candles, each opening within the prior body and closing near its high — a picture of steady, sustained buying. Three Black Crows are the bearish mirror. Both describe strong directional momentum, while also flagging that price may be getting 'extended' and due for a pause.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Tweezers are two (or more) adjacent candles that share almost exactly the same high (a Tweezer Top) or the same low (a Tweezer Bottom). The matching extreme highlights a price level that was tested twice and held, which students read as a short-term resistance or support reaction.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Larger formations drawn across many candles — the running chart traces each shape as it builds.
A Head & Shoulders is a three-peak formation: a left shoulder, a higher head, and a right shoulder roughly level with the left, all sharing a neckline drawn across the intervening lows. It is the textbook reversal shape — the right shoulder failing to exceed the head, followed by a break of the neckline, describes momentum changing hands. The inverse version forms at bottoms.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A Double Top is two roughly equal peaks separated by a pullback, showing price was rejected twice at the same resistance; a Double Bottom is the mirror at support. The pattern is generally considered complete only when price breaks the intervening neckline, not merely when the second peak forms.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Triangles form when price swings compress between converging trendlines. An ascending triangle has a flat top and rising lows; a descending triangle a flat base and falling highs; a symmetrical triangle two converging slopes. They are studied as a coiling of volatility before price eventually expands out of the apex.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Flags and pennants are short consolidations that follow a sharp move (the 'flagpole'). A flag drifts as a small parallel channel against the move; a pennant is a tiny symmetrical triangle. Both are framed as brief pauses where the market catches its breath before the prior trend potentially resumes.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A wedge is bounded by two converging trendlines that both slope the same way — up (rising wedge) or down (falling wedge). Unlike a triangle, both boundaries tilt together. A rising wedge is often discussed in a bearish context and a falling wedge in a bullish one, but only in hindsight and with confirmation.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A Cup & Handle is a rounded, U-shaped base (the cup) followed by a smaller, shallower pullback (the handle) near the prior highs. Popularised in growth-stock literature, it is treated as a continuation shape, with the breakout point usually taken at the rim of the cup.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A rounding bottom is a slow, saucer-shaped base that reflects a gradual shift in sentiment from selling to buying — there is no sharp V. Because it forms over a long period, it is studied as a patient accumulation phase rather than a fast reversal.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A rectangle is a sideways range where price oscillates between a flat support and a flat resistance, each tested several times. It represents a balance between buyers and sellers; the pattern is considered resolved only when price decisively breaks one of the two boundaries.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Mathematical transforms of price and volume. Each running chart computes the real indicator live and plots it on the chart or in a lower pane.
A moving average plots the average price over the last N periods, smoothing out noise so the underlying direction is easier to see. A simple MA (SMA) weights all periods equally; an exponential MA (EMA) weights recent prices more, so it turns faster. Crossovers of a fast and slow MA are studied as a classic — and lagging — trend-change concept.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
The Relative Strength Index (Wilder) is a 0–100 momentum oscillator comparing average gains to average losses over a lookback, usually 14. Readings above 70 are described as 'overbought' and below 30 as 'oversold' — but these describe momentum, not instructions, and in a strong trend a market can stay 'overbought' for a long time. Divergence between price and RSI is a frequently-studied concept.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
MACD subtracts a slow EMA from a fast EMA to produce the MACD line, then plots a signal line (an EMA of the MACD) and a histogram of the gap between them. It is a way to visualise both momentum and its rate of change: the histogram grows as momentum builds and shrinks as it fades.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
The Average Directional Index measures the strength of a trend on a 0–100 scale, regardless of direction. Low readings (often below ~20–25) describe a weak or ranging market; rising readings describe a strengthening trend. ADX tells you how strong, not which way — it is usually read alongside the +DI/−DI directional lines.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Supertrend plots a line built from the Average True Range that sits below price in uptrends and above it in downtrends, flipping sides as the trend changes. It is simple to read but lags by design and tends to 'whipsaw' — flipping repeatedly — in sideways markets.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Bollinger Bands place a moving average in the middle with an upper and lower band set two standard deviations away. Because standard deviation rises with volatility, the bands widen in turbulent phases and pinch together when the market goes quiet — a visual of expanding and contracting volatility.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
The Stochastic oscillator measures where the current close sits within the recent high-low range, scaled 0–100, with a %K line and a smoothed %D line. Above 80 and below 20 are the traditional zones. It is most often discussed in range-bound conditions.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Average True Range measures the typical size of each bar's movement — pure volatility, with no directional bias. A higher ATR means larger average moves. It is widely used in position-sizing concepts, where the size of a hypothetical position is scaled to how much an instrument typically moves.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Volume-Weighted Average Price is the average price over the session weighted by the volume traded at each level. It is a benchmark many institutional desks reference — whether price trades above or below VWAP is used to describe the session's character. It resets each day.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is a Japanese system that layers several lines — the fast Tenkan-sen and slower Kijun-sen conversion lines, plus a forward-projected 'cloud' (Kumo) — to summarise trend, momentum and support/resistance in one view. The relationship between the lines frames the prevailing condition.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Frameworks for reading how trends and ranges are built.
Support and resistance are price zones where buying or selling has repeatedly appeared — support below price where buyers have stepped in, resistance above where sellers have. They are the foundational idea beneath most chart reading: the more times a level is tested and holds, the more significance students attach to it, until it eventually breaks.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
A trend is the sequence of swing highs and lows. An uptrend makes higher highs and higher lows; a downtrend lower highs and lower lows; a range neither. Identifying which of the three a market is in is usually the first step in any technical study, because most other concepts behave differently in trends versus ranges.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Volume is the quantity traded in a period, shown as bars beneath price. It is studied as a gauge of participation and conviction: a move on rising volume is described as having more 'weight' behind it than the same move on thin volume. Volume is a context tool, not a standalone signal.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Price action is the practice of reading raw candles and structure directly — without indicators — focusing on what price itself is doing: the size and location of bodies and wicks, how swings form, and how levels are respected or broken. It treats the chart, rather than a derived line, as the primary information.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Market structure is the framework of swing points — higher highs and higher lows, or lower highs and lower lows — and the 'break of structure' that occurs when one fails. Traders use it as an objective language for describing how a trend is being built and when it may be shifting, before any indicator confirms it.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Dow Theory, among the oldest frameworks, holds that markets move in three trends (primary, secondary and minor), that volume should confirm the trend, and that the major averages should confirm one another. Its enduring idea is that a trend is assumed to remain in force until there is clear evidence it has reversed.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
The Wyckoff method models how large operators accumulate positions in a quiet range before a markup, and distribute before a markdown. It describes the phases of a range — including the characteristic 'spring' that briefly dips below support — as a way of understanding how trends are prepared before they begin.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Elliott Wave theory proposes that markets move in repeating, fractal patterns of five waves in the direction of the larger trend followed by a three-wave correction, driven by swings in crowd psychology. It is a framework for labelling structure, though wave counts are famously subjective and often clearer in hindsight.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Fibonacci retracement applies ratios derived from the Fibonacci sequence — commonly 38.2%, 50% and 61.8% — to a prior move, marking horizontal levels where a pullback might find balance before the trend potentially resumes. The levels are studied as zones of interest, not precise prices, and work partly because so many participants watch them.
Educational explanation only — not a signal, recommendation, target or stop loss.
Every diagram and running chart uses synthetic, made-up data to illustrate the concept — they are not real prices or live data. Patterns and indicators describe the past and frequently fail; they do not predict the future. Nothing here is a buy/sell recommendation, target price, stop loss or trading signal. We are not SEBI registered. Consult a SEBI registered professional before investing.